11/21/17
Bhakti Darsana verse 6
I am ananda,
I am brahma, I am atma;
in such forms, for whom
there is always identification,
as a contemplative he is well known.
Nataraja Guru’s translation:
I
am Bliss, I am the Absolute, I am the Self,
In
whom in such forms,
There
is always creative imagination,
As a contemplative he
is well known.
Another
magnificent essay lifts us to sublime heights rooted in the seed of the verse:
exactly the sort of thing that Narayana Guru must have hoped to arouse with his
pithy koans. I mused that how easily we made sense of it showed how much our
study has entered into us. If we had not delved far into the Gurukula version
of Advaita Vedanta, it might have been rather baffling, but since we have it
has become what it was meant to be: a valuable teaching tool as well as an
inspiring poetic infusion.
Nitya
has noted before that the secret wisdom of the Upanishads or similar wisdom
texts is an open secret, available to anyone who has adequate preparation to
understand it. No one is barred, yet without laying the groundwork such secrets
remain out of reach. We ourselves determine what is a secret and what is not.
Once
again we struggled with this concept. It is a very common notion that by not
thinking, by not seeking intelligent understanding, we will somehow
miraculously arrive at the realizations heralded by the gurus. Believing this,
we are constrained to equate our personal ignorance with the wisdom of the
ages. That idea subtly inserts the ego in the center of the picture, where it
divides everything and excludes what doesn’t suit its pretentions. This study
isn’t about reclaiming our survival-based default settings but of overcoming
them to achieve something miraculous, paradoxically within everyone yet rarely
attained.
The
excellent contemplative of this verse knows the One in the midst of the many.
(This One is capitalized to distinguish it from being merely one of the many—it
is of a different order entirely.) Deb started us off quoting from the last
paragraph:
The hand that is busy with the
creation of the phenomenal sometimes shares its art with painters, sculptors,
architects, musicians, writers, dancers, and even kids in their tender age who
gather together to forge their enchanting world of eidetic creation. In all
these inexhaustible formations and elaborations, what is at work is also the
One which is always at rest. By remaining One it becomes the many.
Deb urged that our task is to always feel and participate in
the One. While admiring the variegations of the manifested world, she knows the
experience of beauty is a unifying sensation within her.
Scotty
could intuitively feel how artists and musicians (he is both) at their best
link up with the flow. He is currently contemplating what his next move in life
will be, and he has found a place on the Oregon Coast where the different
rhythms of the trees, valleys, sunlight and the waves all vibrate together to
make a continuous music for him. He wonders why he should do anything other
than dance with this process. It reminded Andy of an idea from the Ashtavakra
Gita that the realized mind was like the sky. Sky or ocean, both represent
openness, oneness. Whatever you do to the sky it does not lose its skyness.
Whatever shape it is formed into, it is not fundamentally changed.
Paul
chafed at how we are constrained to accept rules of the proper way to act. He
feels very insecure in his acceptance, though he has often acquiesced to the
demands made upon him. He was recently enchanted by an artist who painted an ugly,
deformed tree instead of one of the many perfect specimens that surrounded it.
She felt that true beauty comes from experience, from suffering the abuses of
life and being shaped by them, while persevering and staying alive. This led us
to an acknowledgement of how we are drawn into dualistic thinking by the cult
of the ideal: we admire the “perfect” tree and pity or scorn the less perfect
ones. All, of course, have defects, yet at the core all are perfect. Having a
selective idea of perfection leads all too easily to feelings of superiority
and inferiority. None of us quite measure up to ideal perfection, and we know
it. But shouldn’t that be okay? Are we denigrating ourselves merely because of
a simplistic notion that ill serves us? Probably.
I
noted how perfection is an especially deceptive notion in the political and
religious arenas. If some minor infraction is made public, a worthy politician
may be doomed, while her much more egregious fellows get away with murder so
long as their disguises hold up. Or the charlatan who puts forward the best
image captures the trusting flock, while his more savvy neighboring sages are
ignored. The worst of it is that we regular folk often think we are not okay
until the time we are perfected, which basically means we will never be okay.
Unless we can accept having flaws, we will always undervalue ourselves. That
doesn’t mean we shouldn’t work on improving our self, only that we should be
kindhearted about how we go about it.
Deb
offered that perfection is often taken as a static idea, but it must be a
dynamic, living process that accords with the nuances of each moment. Moni gave
a perfect example from her day at work, where she was challenged by a seriously
deranged applicant for assistance. Because of her expertise at what she does,
she handled the situation in a way that minimized its negative impact. For
someone like her, it is almost a matter of instinct how to handle that kind of
emergency. She was surely drawing on her full consciousness, and not merely her
frontal lobes.
We
talked of peace, love and understanding, and the general consensus was that the
first two have priority as potentially absolute values while the third is more
a measure of how far we are separated from unity. Again, this is contrary to
Vedantic wisdom and intent. Understanding is a dialectical process where the
Self and the non-Self are brought into harmonious unity, which state has
characteristics that evoke what we call peace and love and so on. Without
understanding they remain partial at best.
On
examination, peace and love as we know them are always partial realizations,
ideals we strive for yet which remain as distant goals. The minute we say we
embody either one we have separated our self-image from what we think of as the
unpeaceful and unloving. Only understanding achieves a state that includes
everything. Earlier in the morning I had been proofing the Jnana Darsana in
Nataraja Guru’s Integrated Science of the
Absolute (ISOA) and saved this in the highlights:
The overall structure of
reasoning proper to the Science of the Absolute presupposes further a common
homogeneous matrix, where reasoning can freely move as awareness within its own
external and internal active or passive limiting attributes. There are always
the substance and the thought involved. The former has a horizontal and the
latter has a vertical reference. When paradoxes and vicious-circle arguments
are avoided or resolved, one attains the Absolute easily, which is the overall
aim of pure reason. (259)
Pure reasoning is supposed to be the effort we are expending
to incorporate the truths of Darsanamala into our lives. A couple of more
highlights from ISOA may help:
What the reasoning process is
finally meant to accomplish is to reveal the truth of an equation between the
Self and the non-Self. (261-2)
The gap between concepts and
percepts has to be bridged by a reference to known and valid reasoning
processes belonging generally to the domain of logical thought of Indian
philosophy. (263)
This is precisely what is meant by resolving duality into
unity. It is an active process, as the human default setting is dualistic. Our
brains evolved to serve the purpose of survival in a world where everyone is
prospective dinner for someone else. We are attempting to spend a few minutes
free of such compunctions, in hopes of developing the kind of highly-evolved
being advocated by the saints and sages of all time: one grounded in a unitive
oceanic state brimming with peace, love and understanding. Nitya starts off by
undermining our conceits about this:
The impenetrability of matter and the
evanescence of an idea such as ‘God is Love’ are conjectures of mind. How many
such conjectures is the mind capable of? No one can say, because mind is
replete with millions of such shimmering mentations that glow like fireflies.
This is an activity that goes on continuously.
From a cosmic perspective, our beliefs are fascinations we
entertains ourselves with, flitting fireflies, and we are trying to take a
break from the hypnotic state these fascinations engender in us. If we can, we
will find ourselves resting in the Absolute. Could we budget even a few minutes
a day to foster this? Why not? As the Gita puts it, in II.40, “Even a little of
such a way of life saves one from great apprehension.” Or from great anxiety.
Andy
noted how this and the last verse enclose an amazing simplicity and purity. He
shared an example of how to unite the one and the many. Lately he’s been going
to the gym and working out, a new and tedious behavior. The treadmill is
utterly boring, so he has added listening to Indian ragas while he slogs along.
The singer occasionally hits a pure luminous note that seems to him to
epitomize the One among the manyness of his exercise routine, and he is
captivated by it. Charmed. Sound really does have the ability to attract and
focus our attention, which makes the everyday dullness fade into the
background.
Instead
of a meditative focus on unity, we are trained to classify and sort all the
separate items of existence, and to try to be happy with that kind of squirrel
cage work. It’s sure fun, and it’s easy to measure! It has definable results.
Those fireflies are very pretty, and naming them is quite satisfying. It was
our first major task as infants, and always brought us rewards if we had
attentive caregivers. In a sense we’re still doing it:
In each such glow there looms existence
as
‘this is’. Each affirmation of the given existence is immediately predicated as
‘such and such’. Nothing comes so handy as a predicable to be classified.
Classification is made on the basis of a mark of distinction. The uniqueness of
each mark is based upon its worth or value. Again, this worth is decided upon
the predicable’s capacity to stimulate the ego to glow with an affective
identification…. Any one identification does not preclude the ego from
forgetting it in the very next instant, only to assume another identification
which is as unique as the previous one.
That’s the human mantra: “This is such and such. Now This is
such and such….” Those pernicious gurus claim that there is an even better
light than fireflies hiding behind the endless play of existence, and we won’t
notice it if we are too caught up in the play. To access it, Nitya often
suggested we try to observe how one fascination fades out and is replaced by
the next. Ordinarily we don’t even notice how we skip from one thing to the
next, because the next thing commands our full attention, so he recommended
watching how one disappears and the next elbows its way in. It establishes a
flow that takes us out of the eternal moment of the One:
This process of shifting from the ‘be-ness’
of
one identity to another is as compulsive as the flow of time, which no one can
inhibit or reverse.
So yeah,
we’re not going to be able to stop the flow, but we’re going to attune also to
the interstices, so that we keep our life in perspective. Nitya very eloquently
details how the sequence of items of interest envelops and binds us:
Although a once assumed and experienced
identification is cast aside in the next moment like the slough that is molted
by a snake, the process by which each identification is arrived at is carefully
preserved as a brick in the superstructure of the built-in world of
ever-growing dimension in which the ego dwells.
There is
nothing trivial about the way the world engulfs us within system after system:
When a person dies, they are believed
to have
come to a total extinction or a transference to some mythical realm of dead
souls. But when a memory slips out of consciousness it is only normal to expect
the same to reappear with exaggerated or diminished importance on many a
subsequent occasion. Thus what is feared as the past that has departed forever
goes on coiling around the present, making the present fabulous in its inclusion
of the variegation of names and forms and the correlatives of causes and
effects. In this great process that is happening in the psychic replica of
cosmic evolution, systems are fused into systems.
Paul
set off a major, almost giddy discussion by asking what the purpose of the
phenomenal world is. He wondered if there was some intelligent design, and
wouldn’t that indicate a purpose? Can we learn about the design by
investigating each substance?
I
suggested a phenomenal world was a great idea, and that it would be extremely
boring if nothing ever happened or nothing ever changed. Bushra rightly added
that we wouldn’t know it anyway, because without a phenomenal world we wouldn’t
exist.
I’m
guessing that Paul is struggling with the determination of many scientists to
subtract meaning and purpose from their world models. It is kind of a
disheartening trajectory. Nitya calls such innately limiting ideas “ludicrous”
in the third paragraph. That kind of reductionism served a purpose once upon a
time, at the beginning of the scientific revolution, but we are desperately in
need of integral wisdom at the present time. Divide and conquer grounded in
meaninglessness is killing the planet, but our hubris is so great that we would
rather die than admit our failings, and if we can’t even admit our failings we
are certainly never going to relinquish them.
Bushra
summed Paul’s question up from an absolutist viewpoint: purpose and design are
not two things. They are one thing seen from two different angles, like form
and content. As every form has content and every content has form, every design
has purpose and every purpose has a design. They are created together. She
mused how silly it is for humans to split everything up. I threw in that we
learn about the inherent design in objects by investigating them. If we don’t
do anything, they remain inert lumps of matter. By learning their secrets we
find all sorts of additional possibilities: so much is hiding beneath the
surface. The process of discovery is a fascinating one, and our lives would be
a far cry from what they are if we never went beyond simple acceptance to find
out what makes the universe tick.
Nitya
touches on several typical models of perspective, in each of which a form of
purposefulness is implied, though he wasn’t addressing it right then. Purpose
is what gives life meaning, and meaning provides interest. In this, fact and
fiction interlace in amazing ways. Nitya often noted how much more alive
fictional characters are than factual ones. Here he puts it:
Still another model is of geniuses like
Vyasa,
Valmiki, Homer, Dante, Shakespeare, Goethe, and others, who populate the world
with countries, people, and all kinds of weird wars and enchanting love affairs
with such creative ability that a Ravana, an Arjuna, an Agamemnon, an Othello
or a Mephistopheles has a more enduring personality grid than anyone who is
still in flesh and blood around us.
Another of
the suggested models is why I bother to try to share this wisdom, because it is
a common and unnecessarily tragic one:
Another model is to walk blindfolded into
lifelong imprisonment, looking upon every fetter and chain as a duty to be
performed in the collectively accepted and believed world of transaction, which
houses institutions like home, society, religion, nation, and every form of
manmade law.
How is it
that we come to believe so devoutly in this particular model of enslavement,
and why is its overthrow seen as a radical departure from the norm? It must
serve the social needs of humanity very well. If we are too timid to take the
quantum leap back into our true self, there is a quasi-reliable set of ideas
that are universally adhered to, at least in public. They comprise a decent
ethic, more or less. Most of us define ourselves as either upholders of the
status quo or denigrators of it. Either way, we hitch our star to the pole of
bondage. To add to its hold over us, most religious systems advocate taking
care of each obligation as the sole means to liberation. Vedanta recognizes
that there is no end to these obligations, so if you want to break out, you’d
better try to figure it out. But what will the neighbors think if you do become
independent-minded?
Bushra
offered two lovely alternatives to ordinariness. She used to teach videography
to teenagers, and it could be very challenging. One day she decided she was
going to first and foremost love her students, and everything changed. There
were still problems, but they became opportunities to reimagine herself in a
positive way rather than reasons to feel thwarted and resentful. What a sea
change such a simple alternative attitude can produce!
Bushra
also spoke of a man at the prison where she volunteers, who decided to follow a
Buddhist practice of only eating between dawn and noon. Food in prison is often
a political weapon, being bartered for favors, so much so that sharing food is
illegal. After the inmate adjusted to his new diet, he began to set his dinners
in the middle of the table and not eat them. At first his tablemates were
suspicious. What do you want for it? What are you up to? He told them he wasn’t
bartering for anything, he was just giving his food away. Bushra observed how
suspicion was transformed into acceptance, and it was a big relief for everyone
to step out of their contractual mindset. Even the prison guards, who usually
are very strict about enforcing rules, could see that it was a benign act, and
they let it continue. Now at that table, if someone doesn’t want all their food
they put the excess in the middle of the table, free to everyone.
Both
Bushra’s examples show how a change of attitude can have a positive impact. Deciding to change isn’t so
simple, but
once you have made the decision it is an easy way to “attain the Absolute.” Of
course, phenomenality can go in any direction, and we are free to develop it in
whatever way we believe in. As Nitya advocates, we can try to open to the inner
One, distancing ourselves from the world of agitations:
In all these inexhaustible formations
and
elaborations, what is at work is also the One which is always at rest. By
remaining One it becomes the many. Even when a person is at the height of
hilarity, or pinched in every limb with shooting pain, this One, the purest of
all consciousness, sits as gently as a meditating Buddha and witnesses the
ongoing drama of pain and pleasure, while the poor ego is tossed on the surface
in the tumult of transactional agitations such as of cognition, volition and
feeling.
Part of the
joy of our class gathering is that we allow for little tiny cracks in the
veneer. Even a little bit is very refreshing. Our egos are working so hard to
maintain the fictional ‘I’, thrashing about in the eddies of a universe
unfolding, that they are gratified to have a rest in a safe environment. Nitya
winds down his meditation by coaxing the ego to continue to loosen its grasp:
If only it could leave the surface for
a split
second and dive deep to become enlightened of the ‘inside’ story, it would
become at once free of the multitudinous world and would see in wonder, listen
in wonder, and later speak in wonder of the one Absolute all this is.
A simple
conclusion remains to be drawn when we perceive that the Absolute (God, Nature,
etc.) is all there is:
Although such a state of the highest wonder
has
no need for articulation and has no words for expression, in such a state it is
as if one declares one’s truth as aham
brahma asmi, “I am the Absolute.”
Part II
Swami
Vidyananda’s commentary:
As stated in the previous verse, a contemplative having
conceptually and intellectually understood the truth of the great dicta like “I
am Bliss,” “I am the Absolute,” “I am the Self,” as referring to the same
reality when he realizes himself to be the Absolute through his own inner
experience (perceptually), this state is said to be the most superior kind of
contemplation. The man attaining to this kind of contemplation is the best of
contemplatives.
* *
*
Susan was unable to attend class this week (Thanksgiving
holiday in the US), but sent this very thoughtful contribution after reading
the verse at home:
Dear Scott,
Just read the verse and you were right, it’s a great one
indeed. One of the best, I think. I have been contemplating this sort of thing
a lot lately — specifically the conjectures of the mind and how we shift from
one identity to the next. I have been reading Rebecca by Daphne Du Maurie and
it’s all about this sort of thing. The female protagonist is constantly
imagining herself in other people’s shoes and thinking what they must be
thinking and thinking what will happen next as though it is set in stone. She
is almost never right in her conjectures and she is never really present to
herself. In fact, in all this first person narrative we never learn her actual
name but only who she is in relation to the other characters (Mrs. de Winter,
for instance). The Rebecca of the title is another woman who has died before
the book opens. The main character lives in a dream world her entire life and
never really comes to herself. I can relate to this as someone who struggles to
stop projections and worries and imaginings. It takes a lot of intention and
work to push aside our tendency to project all sorts of worlds. The formation
of these is so relentless. Sitting quietly in meditation and imagining a still,
watery surface (I think this came to me partly from the first verses of this
darsana) I can “dive deep to become enlightened of the ‘inside’ story,” as
Nitya says. It is so reassuring to find the stillness again, to remember the
One.
* *
*
In response to this that I sent out last week:
Apodictic is a favorite word of Nataraja Guru, and it
turns out it was Merriam-Webster’s word of the day for 11/1/17. I thought I
should double-check my memory while plowing through the Jnana Darsana, and thought
you might enjoy their one-minute refresher course also:
https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/apodictic
Jay sent this:
Looking at the meaning/origin, I got curious to see if there
was Sanskrit connection...yes!
There's something remarkable about a word which, when
periodically dusted off, proves to have retained its freshness over 350 years -
and that's the case with “apodictic.” It's a handy word that can describe a
conclusive concept, a conclusive person, or even that conclusive person's
conclusive remarks. A well-known close relative of “apodictic” is “paradigm” (“an
outstandingly clear or typical example”); both words are built on Greek deiknynai,
meaning “to show.” More distant relatives (from Latin dicere, a relative
of “deiknynai” that means “to say”) include “diction,” “dictate,” “edict,”
and “predict.”
Origin and Etymology of apodictic
Latin apodicticus, from Greek apodeiktikos,
from apodeiknynai to demonstrate, from apo- + deiknynai to
show
Indo-European: Hellenic: Ancient Greek
δεικνῠ́ναι (deiknynai) “to point out;” Indo-Iranian:
Sanskrit diś
“to point out”
Part III
Susan
sent some additional insights:
I had some more good thinking time, spurred on by Nitya’s
commentary:
The projecting worlds and structures that Nitya refers to
also make one think that things are going to happen in a certain way or should
happen in a certain way — according to a plan, in a specific order (some
particular, proper, foreordained, righteous, correct plan and order?). I am
going to be honest and kind and generous and that will lead to a good life and a
happy family. If my children say this or do that, it means that this or that is
going to happen and I should worry or intervene or let go. If I were just
smarter and worked harder I would be more fulfilled and mean more to my family
and friends. We are always looking to the outside for that order, that plan —
these ideas about how we should live and how things are going to happen is all
based on what we are told or how other people do things or how things have gone
before that cause us to reach for or avoid similar outcomes. Cause and effect.
I struggle at times with the idea that this is not real, this idea of cause and
effect. But more recently with piano and with my dreams I can understand
better. Piano is going really well these days. It is so satisfying and it feels
as though the music spins out of me in a way I never experienced before I
started with my teacher Susan Riggs last year. Before I had an idea about how
it should go and how it certainly wasn’t going with me. I thought if I only had
talent or if I’d only practiced 10 hours a day or if I’d only been smarter, I
could get to such and such a level and really excel and then I’d be happy,
fulfilled and also feel partly legitimate in even existing (yes, sometimes it
gets quite pathetic). This is all ego driven stuff and even my reaction to it
was based on the structures I was erecting constantly. I was always disappointed
in myself because I was not living up to some expectation. These days, I’m
quite sure, objectively speaking, that I am no better at the piano than I ever
have been but now it doesn’t matter in that way to me. It’s more like emerging
from a cocoon instead of trying to fit myself into a mold. I’m just going
along, learning the pieces from the inside — listening, feeling, allowing.
Sweet, and so lacking in the usual tension and angst that I used to feel. My
recent dreams about babies are very much like this too. This little life that I
am nurturing is very much a part of me and so full of love and no stress. I’m
just letting this be and not thinking too much about it yet — seeing where it
leads.
I’ve always been told to be myself and love myself (my
mother and my friends through time have remarked on my lack of self love and
lack of assertion) but that takes me to a place of inadequacy. I think of a
specific formula and structure to get to the place of knowing myself and
putting myself out there and I can’t even do that right. I’m supposed to have strong
opinions and expound on things, I supposed to say what I want and insist on
getting it. Now that I’m reading the book, Quiet:
The Power of Introverts in a World That Can't Stop Talking, by Susan Cain, I
can see that this way of categorizing how a person should be actually may not
be appropriate for me. I know people are just trying to help. They want me to
be confident and fully myself but it’s possible that for me that might look
very different. Inside, I feel as though I’m growing and finding my way but
outside I am still an introverted type. The author of the book, talks about how
the world prefers and lauds extroverts. I think I have always felt inadequate
because I am not that. But it is just a formula, another way of being. How
refreshing to read about others like me who are not less valuable. They are
just themselves. Anyway, there is more to say about this subject and the book
(which I have just started) later, as it seems relevant to the discussion in
class and my current emergence from the bindings of conditioning.
This again reminds me of the Chinese finger trap. We think
we have to figure things out in one way (with force and according to the usual
plan) and yet the solution is so unexpectedly about opening to an entirely
different possibility. Love that.
* *
*
Once
again the Brihadaranyaka Upanishad lesson we are studying in Nancy Y’s online
group contains an uncanny parallel with our Portland Gurukula class, almost as
though Nitya was speaking directly to us. I mentioned in the class how Nitya
asked us to watch how one item of interest disappears and is replaced by
another, since we hardly ever notice the transition, and so live without a
sense of the greater context. He elaborates on this nicely in Volume II, pages
25-6 of the Brihadaranyaka Upanishad:
There are three mysteries here. The first is that we do not
know what the noumenon is, and yet it manifests. The second is that when the
noumenon presents itself as phenomenon, it is so elaborate and variegated with
every possible difference in the parts of the manifested that each part stands
out as absorbingly enchanting. In the mystery of being fascinated by that, we
are not in any mood to make a probe into the original cause. The third is that
what has been so clearly presented to our perception and mental comprehension
vanishes into nothing like a will-o-the-wisp. Death or cessation of the
manifested happens so abruptly and unexpectedly that we have no clue to find
out what veil the manifested has disappeared behind.
The
first mystery refers to the projection of the world from the unknown. The
second is concerned with the demonstrative data which looks real in all details
and is very well choreographed to be the most adorable presentation of the
dance of life. The third is the
dissolution, which leaves us in the awkward position of someone who is
deceived.
Not only that, but it also addresses Paul’s question about
purpose:
Ultimately… consciousness propels the life of the organism
with the appreciation of cosmological purposiveness. At first this
purposiveness is confined to the nourishment of the organism and then to the
propagation of the species. Only much later does it come to have a program of
the evolution of its own self. Having become tired of always carrying an
inertial body like a cage or a shell, the spirit wants to leave not only its
terrestrial home but also the greater home of its cosmological life. It becomes
a constant dreamer of being liberated from body/mind instrumentality. (29)
And:
In empirical experience the intellect has to play a great
role in leading consciousness through appropriate paths to be in tune with the
central purposiveness of life. Whatever is gathered through dreams,
imaginations and poetic experiences is to be revised and restated with the
ultimate aim of making the soul free in its onward journey. That is why
Yajnavalkya gives two aspects of udgitha
as the main aid a person has to correct themselves from time to time and make
their pursuit of life wisdom-oriented. (31)
And:
This mantra does not yield its result to one who merely
hears it or reads it. One has to make an intense probe, sinking into its depth.
All symbols used in the mantra are to be deciphered by manana and nididhyasana….
When
a candle burns, it does not know that it is giving light to the world and that
its wax is burning away. Most people who live in this world are also like
lighted candles or burning lamps. Many people do not know they have a purpose
in life and that, unknowingly, they are fulfilling it. A few people are conscientious.
They know that they have come to this world to seek perfection every moment.
The perfection we speak of is not formal or existential perfection. Apart from
these kinds of perfection, there is value achievement. The highest value is the
summum bonum, which means a person
comes to a peak experience of a total expression of beatitude and happiness,
which is equally and evenly shared by all who enter into empathy with that
person. That is why it is said that no man is an island in this world. (32)